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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Schedule of Stock Options were Valued Using the Range of Inputs (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility	75.00%	75.00%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	3.82%	3.58%
Expected term (in years)	5 years	5 years 6 months 7 days
Maximum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	4.50%	3.91%
Expected term (in years)	6 years 3 months 7 days	6 years 3 months 7 days

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

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+ Details

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Schedule of Information Related to Stock Options (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Options
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	1,515,386	861,309
Granted (in shares)	110,374	765,477
Exercised (in shares)	(511,787)	0
Forfeited (in shares)	(91,682)	(111,400)
Outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	1,022,291	1,515,386
Exercisable (in shares)	554,200
Exercisable and expected to vest (in shares)	1,022,291
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 0.61	$ 0.49
Granted (in dollars per share)	4.05	0.75
Exercised (in dollars per share)	0.71	0
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	0.77	0.60
Outstanding, ending balance (in dollars per share)	0.94	$ 0.61
Exercise price, exercisable (in dollars per share)	0.95
Exercise price, exercisable and expected to vest (in dollars per share)	$ 0.94
Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of	$ 12,842,790	$ 5,111,928	$ 0
Exercised	6,543,993
Exercisable as of December 31, 2024	6,956,792
Exercisable and expected to vest at December 31, 2024	$ 12,842,790

NOTES PAYABLE	12 Months Ended
NOTES PAYABLE	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
NOTES PAYABLE	. NOTES PAYABLE Silicon Valley Bank As of December 31, 2024, note payable, net of unamortized discounts was zero, compared to $1,230,933 at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the company made repayments of $1,250,000 and $750,000, respectively. During the years ending December 31, 2024 and 2023, amortization of debt discount was $19,067 and $16,333, respectively. Note Payable – Related Party In June and July 2023, the Company issued senior secured promissory notes with its Chief Executive Officer for which the Company received $449,000 in proceeds. The notes bore interest at 7.67% per annum. In connection with these notes, the Company agreed to pay an exit fee upon repayment of the note equal to 16% of the principal, less the total interest that accrued until repayment. Upon the Merger, the Company fully repaid the notes and exit fee for a total of $520,840. In December 2023, the Company issued a senior secured promissory note to its Chief Executive Officer for which Serve received $70,000 in proceeds. The note bore interest at 7.67% per annum. The note was outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and fully repaid on January 3, 2024. April 2023 Convertible Note Payable In April 2023, the Company entered into bridge financing totaling $3,001,500 in principal for which the Company received $2,798,410 in net proceeds (the “April Notes”), after deducting offering costs of $203,090. The April Notes bore interest at 10% per annum and were payable six months from the date of the bridge financing, subject to conversion. The April Notes were convertible into shares of common stock at a conversion price equal to 80% of the price per the PIPE offering (the “Private Placement”), which initially closed simultaneously with the Merger on July 31, 2023 (see Note 6). Upon the closing of the Merger and the initial closing of the Private Placement, the outstanding principal amount of the Bridge Notes was automatically converted into 937,961 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $3.20 per share. Furthermore, accrued interest on the April Notes were forgiven; therefore, no interest was recognized as of the closing of the Merger. The Company evaluated the terms of the conversion features of the April Notes as noted above in accordance with ASC Topic No. 815 – 40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Stock, and determined they are not indexed to the Company’s common stock and that the conversion feature, which is akin to a redemption feature, meet the definition of a liability. Therefore, the Company bifurcated the conversion feature and accounted for it as a separate derivative liability. Upon issuance of the April Notes, the Company recognized a derivative liability at a fair value of $601,000 (see Note 3), which was recorded as a debt discount and was amortized over the life of the notes. Upon the Merger and the Private Placement, the derivative liability had a fair value of $750,000, which was recorded to additional paid-in capital in connection with the conversion of the underlying notes. January 2024 Convertible Note Payable At various dates in January 2024, the Company issued to certain accredited investors convertible promissory notes in an aggregate amount of $5,014,500, for which the Company received $4,844,625 in net proceeds (the “January Notes”). As a result, the Company incurred fees of $169,875 which was recorded as a debt discount. The January Notes bore interest at a rate of 6.00% per year, compounded annually, and were due and payable upon request by each investor on or after the 12-month anniversary of the original issuance date of each note. The Company may not prepay or repay the January Notes in cash without the consent of the investors. The January Notes were to convert upon a qualified offering into common stock at the lesser of the price paid per share multiplied by 75% or the quotient resulting from dividing $80,000,000 by the outstanding shares of common stock on a fully diluted basis prior to the financing (the “Conversion Price”). Upon the closing of the Offering in April 2024, the January Notes, including accrued interest, were converted into 2,104,562 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $2.42 per share. The Company evaluated the terms of the conversion features of the January Notes as noted above in accordance with ASC Topic No. 815 - 40, Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Stock, and determined they are not indexed to the Company’s common stock and that the conversion feature, which is akin to a redemption feature, meets the definition of a liability. The January Notes contain an indeterminate number of shares to settle with conversion options outside of the Company’s control. Therefore, the Company bifurcated the conversion feature and accounted for it as a separate derivative liability. Upon issuance of the January Notes, the Company recognized a derivative liability at a fair value of $1,489,000, which is recorded as a debt discount and was amortized over the life of the January Notes. Upon the closing of the Offering, the derivative liability had a fair value of $1,710,560, which was reclassified to additional paid-in capital in connection with the conversion of the underlying the January Notes. As a result of the January Notes, the Company recognized an aggregate debt discount of $1,658,875 through December 31, 2024, amortized to interest expense. As of December 31, 2024, the Company incurred interest expense pertaining to the January Notes of $78,540, all of which were converted into common stock in April 2024. Upon the closing of the Offering in April 2024, the outstanding principal and accrued interest of the January Notes converted into 2,104,562 shares of common stock. Accordingly, the related derivative liability was recorded into additional paid-in capital. See Note 6. In connection with the issuance of the January Notes, the Company granted the placement agent warrants to purchase (the “Convertible Promissory Notes Offering Warrants”) to purchase common stock equal to 10% of the number of shares of common stock into which the January Notes sold to investors introduced by the placement agent are initially convertible. The Convertible Promissory Notes Offering Warrants are exercisable at the same price as the Conversion Price. Upon closing of the Offering, the Company issued the Convertible Promissory Notes Offering Warrants to purchase up to 63,479 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.42 per share. The Convertible Promissory Notes Offering Warrants expire on April 17, 2029. The Convertible Promissory Notes Offering Warrants include customary anti-dilution provisions. As of December 31, 2024, 62,388 of 63,479 warrants exercised into shares of common stock.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

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+ Details

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 123,266,437	$ 6,756
Accounts receivable	86,805	2,955
Inventory	309,711	774,349
Prepaid expenses	1,396,874	676,969
Other receivables	191,643	0
Total current assets	125,251,470	1,461,029
Property and equipment, net	11,963,461	48,422
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,807,705	782,439
Security deposits	578,237	512,659
Total assets	139,600,873	2,804,549
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	4,901,665	2,050,605
Accrued liabilities	654,466	255,849
Deferred revenue	20,097	0
Operating lease liabilities, current	666,136	496,963
Financing lease liabilities, current	564,383	2,363,807
Total current liabilities	6,806,747	6,237,224
Note payable, net of current portion	0	230,933
Restricted stock award liability	0	158,617
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	1,113,212	211,181
Total liabilities	7,919,959	6,837,955
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023	0	0
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized, 51,396,574 and 24,832,814 shares issued and 51,288,566 and 24,508,795 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively	5,127	2,450
Additional paid-in capital	239,201,220	64,468,141
Subscription receivable	0	(169,616)
Accumulated deficit	(107,525,433)	(68,334,381)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	131,680,914	(4,033,406)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)	139,600,873	2,804,549
Nonrelated Party
Current liabilities:
Note payable, current	0	1,000,000
Related Party
Current liabilities:
Note payable, current	$ 0	$ 70,000

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (39,191,052)	$ (24,813,736)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	309,712	1,863,924
Stock-based compensation	14,554,926	544,375
Amortization of debt discount	1,677,942	1,811,798
Change in fair value of derivative liability	221,560	149,000
Change in fair value of simple agreements for future equity	0	1,672,706
Impairment of long-lived assets	0	1,468,995
Interest on recourse loan	0	(3,897)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(83,850)	20,742
Inventory	464,638	(156,087)
Prepaid expenses	(719,905)	(595,630)
Other receivables	(191,643)	0
Accounts payable	872,251	1,888,568
Accrued liabilities	477,157	228,020
Deferred revenue	20,097	0
Operating lease liabilities, net	45,938	(49,656)
Net cash used in operating activities	(21,542,229)	(15,970,878)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(10,252,409)	(4,914)
Security deposits	(65,578)	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(10,317,987)	(4,914)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock pursuant to public offering, net of offering costs	35,849,136	0
Proceeds from issuance of prefunded warrants to purchase common stock in connection with private placement, net of issuance costs	17,115,963	0
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under the Sales Agreement and Equity Distribution Agreement, net of offering costs	77,595,993	0
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	22,448,841	0
Proceeds from convertible notes payable, net of offering costs	4,844,625	2,798,410
Proceeds from exercise of options	367,297	0
Proceeds from note payable	0	750,000
Repayments of note payable	(1,250,000)	(1,750,000)
Proceeds from note payable, related party	0	519,000
Repayments of notes payable, related party	(70,000)	(449,000)
Issuance of restricted common stock, net of repurchases	0	(3)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to Merger and private placement, net of offering cost	0	10,444,987
Proceeds from simple agreement for future equity	0	2,666,953
Repayment of financing lease liability	(1,781,958)	(1,713,518)
Net cash provided by financing activities	155,119,897	13,266,829
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	123,259,681	(2,708,963)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	6,756	2,715,719
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	123,266,437	6,756
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:	0	0
Cash paid for interest	202,785	507,193
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of convertible notes and derivative into common stock	6,803,600	3,751,875
Purchases of property and equipment, accrued but not paid	1,972,341	0
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained for lease obligations	1,577,867	0
Derivative liability in connection with convertible note	0	601,000
Debt discount issued as accrued liability	0	63,840
Conversion of simple agreement for future equity into common stock	0	17,490,404
Warrants issued in connection with note payable	$ 0	$ 991,000

NATURE OF OPERATIONS, HISTORY, ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 17, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Nov. 07, 2024
Nature of Operations [Line Items]
Purchase of shares (in shares)	10,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 4.00
Proceeds from issuance of common stock pursuant to public offering, net of offering costs	$ 35,800,000	$ 35,849,136	$ 0
Common Stock
Nature of Operations [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001

Award Timing Disclosure	12 Months Ended
Award Timing Disclosure	Dec. 31, 2024
Award Timing Disclosures [Line Items]
Award Timing MNPI Disclosure	Policies and Practices Related to the Grant of Certain Equity Awards Close in Time to the Release of Material Nonpublic Information Our policy is to not grant stock options or similar awards in anticipation of the release of material nonpublic information that is likely to result in changes to the price of our common stock, such as a significant positive or negative earnings announcement, and not time the public release of such information based on stock option grant dates. In addition, it is our policy to not grant stock options or similar awards during periods in which there is material nonpublic information about our company, including (i) during “blackout” periods or outside a “trading window” established in connection with the public release of earnings information under our insider trading policy (each, a “Blackout”) or (ii) at any time during the four business days prior to or the one business day following the filing of our periodic reports or the filing or furnishing of a Form 8-K that discloses material nonpublic information (each, a “Filing Window”). These restrictions do not apply to RSUs or other types of equity awards that do not include an exercise price related to the market price of our common stock on the date of grant. Our executive officers are not permitted to choose the grant date for their individual stock option grants. During the period covered by this report, we have not timed the disclosure of material nonpublic information for the purpose of affecting the value of executive compensation.
Award Timing Method	release of material nonpublic information that is likely to result in changes to the price of our common stock, such as a significant positive or negative earnings announcement, and not time the public release of such information based on stock option grant dates.
Award Timing Predetermined	false
Award Timing MNPI Considered	true
Award Timing, How MNPI Considered	Our policy is to not grant stock options or similar awards in anticipation of the release of material nonpublic information that is likely to result in changes to the price of our common stock, such as a significant positive or negative earnings announcement, and not time the public release of such information based on stock option grant dates. In addition, it is our policy to not grant stock options or similar awards during periods in which there is material nonpublic information about our company, including (i) during “blackout” periods or outside a “trading window” established in connection with the public release of earnings information under our insider trading policy (each, a “Blackout”) or (ii) at any time during the four business days prior to or the one business day following the filing of our periodic reports or the filing or furnishing of a Form 8-K that discloses material nonpublic information (each, a “Filing Window”). These restrictions do not apply to RSUs or other types of equity awards that do not include an exercise price related to the market price of our common stock on the date of grant.
MNPI Disclosure Timed for Compensation Value	false

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details) - USD ($)	Jan. 07, 2025	Jan. 06, 2025	Jan. 03, 2025	Apr. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Nov. 07, 2024	Aug. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2023
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares issued in offering (in shares)				10,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)					$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Stock offering (in dollars per share)				$ 4.00
Proceeds from exercise of warrants					$ 22,448,841	$ 0
Private Placement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)								$ 4.00	$ 4.00
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001
Proceeds from issuance of private placement	$ 80,000,000
Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants (in shares)		573,574	573,574
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	$ 11,500,000
Subsequent Event \| Private Placement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares issued in offering (in shares)	4,210,525
Stock offering (in dollars per share)	$ 19.00

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Lease Costs, Supplemental Cash Flow Information and Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

The components of lease costs are as follows:


	Financial Statement Line Item	Years Ended December 31,
Type		2024		2023
Operating lease	General and administrative	$	55,978	$	49,810
Operating lease	Operations	719,253		665,961
Operating lease	Research and development	241,630		217,890
Total lease costs		$	1,016,861	$	933,661

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases are as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Operating cash flows paid for operating leases	$	593,184	$	550,470
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	1,577,867	$	-

Supplemental information related to leases are as follows:


	December 31,
	2024		2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	2.65		1.30
Weighted-average discount rate	7.24	%	7.25	%

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under Operating Leases

Future annual minimum payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2024, are as follows:


2025	$	811,919
2026	658,770
2027	462,028
2028	68,054
Total undiscounted future cash flows	2,000,771
Less: imputed interest	(221,423)
Total	$	1,779,348

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under The Company's Non-Cancelable Purchase Commitments

As of December 31, 2024, the future annual minimum payments under the Company's non-cancelable purchase commitments were as follows:


Year Ending December 31,	Amount
2025	$	3,310,484
2026	146,631
2027	87,472
Total future minimum payments	$	3,544,587

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	$ 14,554,926	$ 544,375
General and administrative
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	2,833,862	59,002
Operations
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	146,152	49,139
Research and development
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	11,491,617	416,838
Sales and marketing
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	$ 83,295	$ 19,396

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under Operating Leases (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2025	$ 811,919
2026	658,770
2027	462,028
2028	68,054
Total undiscounted future cash flows	2,000,771
Less: imputed interest	(221,423)
Total	$ 1,779,348

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis and the level of inputs used for such measurements were as follows:

There were no Level 1, 2 or 3 assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Simple Agreements for Future Equity

The Company measures the simple agreements for future equity (“SAFE” or “SAFEs”) at fair value based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which causes it to be classified as a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The valuation of the future equity obligations uses assumptions and estimates the Company believes would be made by a market participant in making the same valuation. The Company assesses these assumptions and estimates on an on-going basis as additional data impacting the assumptions and estimates are obtained. Changes in the fair value of the simple agreements for future equity related to updated assumptions and estimates are recognized within the statements of operations.

The simple agreements for future equity may change significantly as additional data is obtained, impacting the Company’s assumptions regarding probabilities of outcomes used to estimate the fair value of the liability. In evaluating this information, considerable judgment is required to interpret the data used to develop the assumptions and estimates. The estimates of fair value may not be indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange. Accordingly, the use of different market assumptions and/or different valuation techniques may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts, and such changes could materially impact the Company’s results of operations in future periods.

The Company utilized a probability-weighted average approach based on the estimated market value of the underlying securities and the potential settlement outcomes of the simple agreements for future equity, including a liquidity event or future equity financing as well as other settlement alternatives. Both the market value of the underlying securities and the probability of settlement outcomes include unobservable Level 3 inputs.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company assumed a 85% probability of a liquidity and/or equity financing events as the primary ultimate settlement outcomes of the future equity obligations. Immediately prior to the Merger, the Company revalued the remaining outstanding SAFEs using a 100% probability of an equity financing and $4.00 as the fair value of

the underlying common stock (see Note 6). Upon the Merger, the SAFEs converted into 4,372,601 shares of common stock at a fair value of $17,490,404.

Derivative Liability

In connection with the Company’s convertible notes, the Company recorded a derivative liability (see Note 5). The estimated fair value of the derivative liability is recorded using significant unobservable measures and other fair value inputs and is therefore classified as a Level 3 financial instrument.

The fair value of the derivative liability is valued using a with-or-without analysis utilizing the terms of the notes and assumptions regarding cash settlement or conversion to equity.

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of our Level 3 financial instrument liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Simple Agreement For Future Equity		Embedded Derivative Liability		Total
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	$	13,150,745	$	-	$	13,150,745
Issuance of simple agreements for future equity	2,666,953		-		2,666,953
Issuance of embedded derivative liability	-		601,000		601,000
Change in fair value	1,672,706		149,000		1,821,706
Conversion to common stock upon Merger	(17,490,404)		(750,000)		(18,240,404)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	-		-		-
Issuance of embedded derivative liability	-		1,489,000		1,489,000
Change in fair value	-		221,560		221,560
Conversion to common stock upon Merger	-		(1,710,560)		(1,710,560)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024	$	-	$	-	$	-

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 820
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1

+ Details

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Dec. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - USD ($)	Total	Conversion Of Simple Agreements For Future Equity	Conversion Of Preferred Stock To Common Stock	Conversion Of Convertible Note And Derivative	Conversion Of Warrants Upon Merger	Preferred Stock Series Seed Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series Seed Preferred Stock Conversion Of Preferred Stock To Common Stock	Preferred Stock Series Seed-1 Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series Seed-1 Preferred Stock Conversion Of Preferred Stock To Common Stock	Preferred Stock Series Seed-2 Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series Seed-2 Preferred Stock Conversion Of Preferred Stock To Common Stock	Preferred Stock Series Seed-3 Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series Seed-3 Preferred Stock Conversion Of Preferred Stock To Common Stock	Common Stock	Common Stock Conversion Of Simple Agreements For Future Equity	Common Stock Conversion Of Preferred Stock To Common Stock	Common Stock Conversion Of Convertible Note And Derivative	Common Stock Conversion Of Warrants Upon Merger	Additional Paid-in Capital	Additional Paid-in Capital Conversion Of Simple Agreements For Future Equity	Additional Paid-in Capital Conversion Of Convertible Note And Derivative	Additional Paid-in Capital Conversion Of Warrants Upon Merger	Subscription Receivable	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022						3,091,672		2,440,411		2,088,696		357,836		6,826,352
Beginning balances at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (12,452,146)					$ 309		$ 244		$ 209		$ 36		$ 683					$ 31,232,737				$ (165,719)	$ (43,520,645)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock pursuant to private placement (in shares)														3,040,140
Issuance of common stock pursuant to private placement	12,160,560													$ 304					12,160,256
Conversion of convertible note and derivative into common stock in connection with Merger (in shares)														937,961
Conversion of convertible note and derivative into common stock in connection with Merger	3,751,875													$ 94					3,751,781
Exercise of warrants upon the Merger/Conversion of stock (in shares)							3,091,672		2,440,411		2,088,696		357,836		4,372,601	7,978,616		17,518
Exercise of warrants/Conversion of stock.		$ 17,490,404	$ 0		$ 0		$ (309)		$ (244)		$ (209)		$ (36)		$ 437	$ 798		$ 2		$ 17,489,967		$ (2)
Patricia shares converted into common stock upon the Merger (in shares)														1,500,000
Patricia shares converted into common stock upon the Merger	0													$ 150					(150)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to private placement offering, net of offering costs (in shares)														143,531
Issuance of common stock pursuant to private placement offering, net of offering costs	574,124													$ 14					574,110
Vested restricted stock purchased with recourse notes (in shares)														11,194
Vested restricted stock purchased with recourse notes	9,838																		13,735				(3,897)
Warrants issued with convertible note	991,000																		991,000
Issuance of common stock pursuant to offering (in Shares)														5,698,992
Issuance of common stock pursuant to offering	77,595,993													$ 570					77,595,423
Offering costs consists in connection with issuance of common stock pursuant to Merger	$ (2,289,697)																		(2,289,697)
Restricted stock awards repurchased (in shares)	(319,118)													(319,118)
Restricted stock awards repurchased	$ (3)													$ (32)					29
Exercise of options (in shares)	0
Stock-based compensation	$ 544,375																		544,375
Net loss	(24,813,736)																							(24,813,736)
Ending balances at Dec. 31, 2023	(4,033,406)													$ 2,450					64,468,141				(169,616)	(68,334,381)
Ending balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023														24,508,795
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of warrants upon the Merger/Conversion of stock (in shares)														5,264,799			2,104,562
Exercise of warrants/Conversion of stock.	22,448,841			$ 6,803,600										$ 526			$ 210		22,448,315		$ 6,803,390
Issuance of common stock pursuant to offering (in Shares)														10,000,000
Issuance of common stock pursuant to offering	40,000,000													$ 1,000					39,999,000
Offering costs consists in connection with issuance of common stock pursuant to Merger	$ (4,150,864)																		(4,150,864)
Restricted stock awards repurchased (in shares)	(233,208)													(233,208)
Restricted stock awards repurchased	$ 0													$ (24)					24
Interest on recourse loan	3,987																						3,987
Interest and forgiveness on recourse loans	165,629																						165,629
Issuance of pre-funded warrants to purchase common stock in connection with private placement, net of issuance costs (in shares)														3,055,555
Issuance of pre-funded warrants to purchase common stock in connection with private placement, net of issuance costs	17,115,963													$ 306					17,115,657
Vested restricted stock units (in shares)														377,284
Vested restricted stock units	$ 0													$ 38					(38)
Exercise of options (in shares)	511,787													511,787
Stock-based compensation	$ 14,554,926																		14,554,926
Net loss	(39,191,052)																							(39,191,052)
Exercise of options	367,297													$ 51					367,246
Ending balances at Dec. 31, 2024	$ 131,680,914													$ 5,127					$ 239,201,220				$ 0	$ (107,525,433)
Ending balances (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024														51,288,566

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in Level 3 Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of our Level 3 financial instrument liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:


	Simple Agreement For Future Equity		Embedded Derivative Liability		Total
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	$	13,150,745	$	-	$	13,150,745
Issuance of simple agreements for future equity	2,666,953		-		2,666,953
Issuance of embedded derivative liability	-		601,000		601,000
Change in fair value	1,672,706		149,000		1,821,706
Conversion to common stock upon Merger	(17,490,404)		(750,000)		(18,240,404)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	-		-		-
Issuance of embedded derivative liability	-		1,489,000		1,489,000
Change in fair value	-		221,560		221,560
Conversion to common stock upon Merger	-		(1,710,560)		(1,710,560)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024	$	-	$	-	$	-

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 1,812,483	$ 207,545
Cost of revenues	1,887,639	1,730,262
Gross loss	(75,156)	(1,522,717)
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	10,092,911	4,618,499
Operations	3,288,779	2,564,930
Research and development	24,255,023	9,947,258
Sales and marketing	577,075	605,205
Impairment of long-lived assets	0	1,468,995
Total operating expenses	38,213,788	19,204,887
Loss from operations	(38,288,944)	(20,727,604)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest income (expense), net	(680,548)	(2,264,426)
Change in fair value of derivative liability	(221,560)	(149,000)
Change in fair value of simple agreements for future equity	0	(1,672,706)
Total other income (expense), net	(902,108)	(4,086,132)
Provision for income taxes	0	0
Net loss	$ (39,191,052)	$ (24,813,736)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	36,658,834	14,204,078
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	36,658,834	14,204,078
Net loss per common share - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.07)	$ (1.75)
Net loss per common share - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.07)	$ (1.75)

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases – Right of Use Asset and Liability

The Company has leases for office and warehouse space with monthly payments ranging from $9,514 to $18,937, and terms expiring through March 2028. The Company also has leases for cargo vans, each with a monthly payment of $1,450, and terms expiring through December 2026.

The components of lease costs are as follows:


	Financial Statement Line Item	Years Ended December 31,
Type		2024		2023
Operating lease	General and administrative	$	55,978	$	49,810
Operating lease	Operations	719,253		665,961
Operating lease	Research and development	241,630		217,890
Total lease costs		$	1,016,861	$	933,661

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases are as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Operating cash flows paid for operating leases	$	593,184	$	550,470
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	1,577,867	$	-

Supplemental information related to leases are as follows:


	December 31,
	2024		2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	2.65		1.30
Weighted-average discount rate	7.24	%	7.25	%

Future annual minimum payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2024, are as follows:


2025	$	811,919
2026	658,770
2027	462,028
2028	68,054
Total undiscounted future cash flows	2,000,771
Less: imputed interest	(221,423)
Total	$	1,779,348

Finance Lease – Failed Sales-Leaseback

In November 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Farnam Capital for its robot assets. As per ASC 842-40-25-1, the transaction was considered a failed sales-leaseback and therefore the lease was accounted for as a financing agreement. The equipment, subject to the lease agreement, is held as collateral. The net book value of such collateral is zero. The outstanding liability at December 31, 2024 was $564,383. The Company has the option to purchase the assets at the end of the lease for 45% of the original equipment cost.

Non-Cancellable Purchase Commitments

The Company has non-cancelable purchase commitments, which primarily relate to the manufacturing of robot assets and software and storage services. These purchase commitments are not recorded as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 as the Company has not yet received the related services.

As of December 31, 2024, the future annual minimum payments under the Company's non-cancelable purchase commitments were as follows:


Year Ending December 31,	Amount
2025	$	3,310,484
2026	146,631
2027	87,472
Total future minimum payments	$	3,544,587

On December 31, 2021, the Company entered into a strategic non-cancellable supply agreement with a manufacturer of component parts used for the Company’s robot assets. The agreement was amended in January 2024, and increased the total purchase commitment of $6.83 million in purchases over a two-year period ending December 2025. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has $3.25 million in remaining commitment under this supply contract. The vendor has the right to invoice the Company for any shortfall at December 31, 2025 met. The Company has minimum spend agreements related to simulation software and storage services. The purchase commitments extend for a period of two to three years.

Contingencies

The Company may be subject to pending legal proceedings and regulatory actions in the ordinary course of business. The results of such proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, but the Company does not anticipate that the final outcome arising out of any such matters will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Schedule of Valuation Assumptions (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) year
Magna Warrant
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding \| $	$ 8,566,184
Risk-free interest rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrant, measurement input	0.0409
Expected term (in years)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrant, measurement input \| year	10.0
Expected volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrant, measurement input	0.750
Expected dividend yield
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrant, measurement input	0

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	$ 14,554,926	$ 544,375
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted (in dollars per share here)	$ 2.64	$ 0.41
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock based compensation expense	$ 360,558	$ 280,482
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 208,126
Recognized weighted average period	1 year 7 months 17 days
2023 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Maximum aggregate shares to be issued (in shares)	7,487,029
Percentage of common stock issued and outstanding	4.00%
2021 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)	4,870,663
Term of awards	10 years
Shares available for grant (in shares)	1,590,603
Expiration of outstanding options	7 years 6 months 18 days
2021 Equity Incentive Plan \| Maximum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	4 years
2021 Equity Incentive Plan \| Minimum
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	1 year

Cover - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Cover - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Mar. 04, 2025	Jun. 30, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-42023
Entity Registrant Name	SERVE ROBOTICS INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	85-3844872
Entity Address, Address Line One	730 Broadway
Entity Address, City or Town	Redwood City
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94063
City Area Code	(818)
Local Phone Number	860-1352
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	SERV
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 65.3
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		56,918,226
Entity Central Index Key	0001832483
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Items Outstanding

Potentially dilutive items outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	December 31,
	2024	2023
Common stock warrants	3,340,011	1,090,272
Stock options	1,022,291	1,515,386
Unvested restricted stock awards subject to recourse and nonrecourse loans	108,008	324,019
Unvested restricted stock units	5,362,326	-
Total potentially dilutive shares	9,832,636	2,929,677

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

The disaggregation of revenue is as follows:


	Twelve months ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Software services	$	1,185,903	$	—
Delivery services	332,180		146,462
Branding fees	294,400		45,250
Other revenue	—		15,833
	$	1,812,483	$	207,545

NOTES PAYABLE (Details) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended				2 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
NOTES PAYABLE (Details) - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 26, 2023	Jul. 31, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Jul. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Repayments of note payable									$ 1,250,000	$ 1,750,000
Amortization of debt discount									1,677,942	1,811,798
Net proceeds cost		$ 529,127
Offering cost							$ 203,090
Shares issued in conversion (in shares)			4,372,601
Conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.42			$ 2.42
Derivative liability in connection with convertible note									0	$ 601,000
Derivative Liability	$ 1,710,560			$ 1,710,560
Derivative Liability Statement Of Financial Position Extensible Enumeration Not Disclosed Flag	derivative liability
Debt discount									1,658,875
Interest expense incurred									$ 78,540
Chief Executive Officer
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of debt						$ 70,000
Interest rate						7.67%				7.67%
Common Stock
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants (in shares)									5,264,799
Convertible Promissory Notes Offering Warrants
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Percentage of securities called by warrants					10.00%
Securities called by warrants (in shares)					63,479				63,479
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)					$ 2.42
Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants (in shares)									62,388
Convertible Notes Payable
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Financing cost					$ 5,014,500		3,001,500
Net proceeds cost					4,844,625		$ 2,798,410
Amortization of debt discount					$ 169,875
Interest rate					6.00%		10.00%
Interest payment period					12 months		6 months
Percentage of conversion price					75.00%		80.00%
Shares issued in conversion (in shares)							937,961
Shares issued in conversion (in shares)				2,104,562
Conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.42			$ 2.42			$ 3.20
Derivative liability in connection with convertible note			$ 750,000		$ 1,489,000		$ 601,000
Debt conversion quotient amount					$ 80,000,000
Senior Secured Promissory Notes \| Chief Executive Officer
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of debt								$ 449,000
Interest rate			7.67%					7.67%			7.67%
Debt instrument, exit fee								16.00%
Repayment of debt			$ 520,840
Silicon Valley Bank
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Note payable						$ 1,230,933			$ 0	$ 1,230,933
Repayments of note payable									1,250,000	750,000
Amortization of debt discount									$ 19,067	$ 16,333

INCOME TAXES - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 15,003,632	$ 11,896,550
Capitalized research and development costs	5,988,286	2,516,557
Other temporary differences	411,216	(943)
Valuation allowance	(21,403,134)	(14,412,164)
Net deferred tax assets	$ 0	$ 0

INCOME TAXES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The following table presents the deferred tax assets and liabilities by source:


	December 31,
	2024		2023
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	15,003,632	$	11,896,550
Capitalized research and development costs	5,988,286		2,516,557
Other temporary differences	411,216		(943)
Valuation allowance	(21,403,134)		(14,412,164)
Net deferred tax assets	$	-	$	-

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Narrative (Details)	Jul. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jul. 30, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Net asset value per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 4.00
Shares issued in conversion (in shares) \| shares	4,372,601
Fair value of assets \| $	$ 17,490,404
Measurement Input, Probability Rate
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Simple agreement for future equity, measurement input		1	0.85

- Definition

Net asset value per share or per unit of investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value per share. Includes, but is not limited to, by unit, membership interest, or other ownership interest. Investment includes, but is not limited to, investment in certain hedge funds, venture capital funds, private equity funds, real estate partnerships or funds. Excludes fair value disclosure.

+ References + Details

NATURE OF OPERATIONS, HISTORY, ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
NATURE OF OPERATIONS, HISTORY, ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS	NATURE OF OPERATIONS, HISTORY, ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS Serve Operating Co. (formerly known as Serve Robotics Inc.) (the “Serve”) is a corporation formed on January 15, 2021 under the laws of the State of Delaware. The Company is developing next generation robots for last-mile delivery services. The Company is headquartered in Redwood City, California. On July 31, 2023, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Patricia Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation incorporated on November 9, 2020 (“Patricia”), Serve Acquisition Corp., a corporation formed in the State of Delaware on July 10, 2023 (“Acquisition Sub”), merged with and into the Company. Pursuant to this transaction (the “Merger”), the Company was the surviving corporation and became Patricia’s wholly owned subsidiary, and all of the outstanding stock of Serve was converted into shares of Patricia’s common stock. All of Serve’s outstanding warrants and options were assumed by Patricia. In addition, on July 31, 2023, the board of directors of Patricia and all of its pre-Merger stockholders approved a restated certificate of incorporation, which was effective upon its filing with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 31, 2023, and through which Patricia changed its name to “Serve Robotics Inc.” (the "Company") Following the consummation of the Merger, Serve changed its name to “Serve Operating Co.” As a result of the Merger, Patricia acquired the business of Serve and will continue the existing business operations of Serve as a public reporting company under the name Serve Robotics Inc. In accordance with “reverse merger” or “reverse acquisition” accounting treatment, the Company was determined the accounting acquirer. Patricia’s historical financial statements before the Merger has been replaced with the historical financial statements of Serve before the Merger in filings with the SEC since the Merger unless otherwise noted. Public Offering and Uplisting On April 17, 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Aegis Capital Corp. (“Aegis”) in connection with the public offering of 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001, at a public offering price of $4.00 per share (the “Offering”). The Company’s net proceeds from the Offering, after deducting the underwriting discount and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately $35.8 million. As a result of the Offering, the Company’s common stock was approved for listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market and commenced trading under the ticker symbol “SERV” beginning on April 18, 2024. See Note 6.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 1,812,483	$ 207,545
Software services
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Revenues	1,185,903	0
Delivery services
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Revenues	332,180	146,462
Branding fees
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Revenues	294,400	45,250
Other revenue
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 0	$ 15,833

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

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+ Details

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	12 Months Ended
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	Dec. 31, 2024
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	SUBSEQUENT EVENTS On January 7, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with a certain institutional investor pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 4,210,525 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share at a price of $19.00 per Share. The gross proceeds to the Company from the Registered Direct Offering were approximately $80 million, before deducting the placement agents’ fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company. A total of 573,574 warrant were exercised on January 3, 2025, and an additional 573,574 warrants were exercised on January 6, 2025. Total proceeds from both exercises were approximately $11.5 million.

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net loss	$ (39,191,052)	$ (24,813,736)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477250/944-220-S99-1

Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 22: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 23: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 24: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 28: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 29: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 30: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 32: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 33: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 37: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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+ Details

Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	12 Months Ended
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	Dec. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted	true

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

2023 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”) permits the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock bonus awards (all such types of awards, collectively, “stock awards”).

Subject to adjustments as set forth in the 2023 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2023 Plan will not exceed 7,487,029 shares.

The shares may be authorized, but unissued, or reacquired common stock. Furthermore, subject to adjustments as set forth in the 2023 Plan, in no event shall the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the 2023 Plan pursuant to Incentive Stock Options exceed the number set forth above plus, to the extent allowable under Section 422 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, any shares that again become available for issuance pursuant to the 2023 Plan.

The number of shares available for issuance under the 2023 Plan may, at the discretion of the Plan Administrator (as defined below), be increased on October 1st of each fiscal year beginning with the 2023 fiscal year until the 2023 Plan terminates, in each case, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) at the discretion of our Board, 4% of the shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding month on a fully-diluted and as-converted basis and (ii) such other number of shares determined by our Board.

To the extent, stock awards or awards or shares issued under the 2021 Plan that are assumed by the Company pursuant to the Merger Agreement (“Existing Plan Awards”) expire or are forfeited or becomes unexerciseable for any reason without

having been exercised in full, or are surrendered pursuant to an exchange program (as defined in the 2023 Plan), the unissued shares that were subject thereto shall continue to be available under the 2023 Plan for issuance pursuant to future stock awards. In addition, any shares which are retained by us upon exercise of a stock award or Existing Plan Award in order to satisfy the exercise or purchase price for such stock award or Existing Plan Award or any withholding taxes due with respect to such stock award or Existing Plan Award shall be treated as not issued and shall continue to be available under the 2023 Plan for issuance pursuant to future stock awards. Shares issued under the 2023 Plan or an Existing Plan Award and later forfeited to us due to the failure to vest or repurchased by us at the original purchase price paid to us for the shares (including without limitation upon forfeiture to or repurchase by us in connection with a participant ceasing to be a service provider) shall again be available for future grant under the 2023 Plan. To the extent a stock award under the 2023 Plan or Existing Plan Award is paid out in cash rather than shares, such cash payment will not result in reducing the number of shares available for issuance under the 2023 Plan.

Serve Robotics 2021 Equity Incentive Plan

The Company has adopted the Serve Robotics 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”), as amended and restated, which provides for the grant of shares of stock options and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) and restricted common shares to employees, non-employee directors, and non-employee consultants. The number of shares authorized by the 2021 Plan was 4,870,663 shares as of December 31, 2024. The option exercise price generally may not be less than the underlying stock’s fair market value at the date of the grant and generally have a term of ten years. The amounts granted each calendar year to an employee or non-employee is limited depending on the type of award. Stock options granted under the 2021 Plan typically vest over a four-year period, with a one-year cliff as well as via specified milestones.

As of December 31, 2024, there were approximately 1,590,603 shares available to be issued, including forfeited shares from predecessor plans.

A summary of information related to stock options for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	861,309	$	0.49	$	-
Granted	765,477	$	0.75
Exercised	-	-
Forfeited	(111,400)	$	0.60
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	1,515,386	$	0.61	$	5,111,928
Granted	110,374	$	4.05
Exercised	(511,787)	0.71		$	6,543,993
Forfeited	(91,682)	$	0.77
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024	1,022,291	$	0.94	$	12,842,790

Exercisable as of December 31, 2024	554,200	$	0.95	$	6,956,792
Exercisable and expected to vest at December 31, 2024	1,022,291	$	0.94	$	12,842,790

As of December 31, 2024, the weighted average duration to expiration of outstanding options was 7.55 years.

Stock-based compensation expense for stock options of $360,558 and $280,482 was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards amounted to approximately $208,126 as of December 31, 2024, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.63 years.

The stock options were valued using the Black-Scholes pricing model using the range of inputs as indicated below:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Risk-free interest rate	3.82% - 4.50%		3.58% - 3.91%
Expected term (in years)	5.00-6.27		5.52-6.27
Expected volatility	75.0	%	75.0	%
Expected dividend yield	0	%	0	%

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during 2024 and 2023 were $2.64 and $0.41, respectively.

Classification

Stock-based compensation expense for stock options and restricted common stock (Note 6) was classified in the statements of operations as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
General and administrative	$	2,833,862	$	59,002
Operations	146,152		49,139
Research and development	11,491,617		416,838
Sales and marketing	83,295		19,396
	$	14,554,926	$	544,375

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Long-Term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Finance lease, collateral, net book value		$ 0
Financing lease liabilities, current		$ 564,383	$ 2,363,807
Original equipment cost		45.00%
Total purchase commitment	$ 6,830,000	$ 3,250,000
Purchase obligation, period	2 years
Cargo Vans
Long-Term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Lessee, monthly payment		$ 1,450
Minimum
Long-Term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Long-term purchase commitment		2 years
Minimum \| Office And Warehouse
Long-Term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Lessee, monthly payment		$ 9,514
Maximum
Long-Term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Long-term purchase commitment		3 years
Maximum \| Office And Warehouse
Long-Term Purchase Commitment [Line Items]
Lessee, monthly payment		$ 18,937

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	2 years 7 months 24 days	1 year 3 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate	7.24%	7.25%

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Each share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders. Common stockholders are not entitled to receive dividends, unless declared by the Company’s board of directors.

The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 and 300,000,000 shares of preferred stock and common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

Dividend Rights

Subject to applicable law and the rights and preferences, if any, of any holders of any outstanding series of preferred stock, the holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends if our Board, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and then only at the times and in the amounts that our Board may determine, payable either in cash, in property or in shares of capital stock.

Transactions

In April 2024, the Company issued 10,000,000 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $40,000,000, or $4.00 per share, pursuant to the Offering. In connection with the Offering, the Company incurred $4,150,864 in offering costs. In connection with the Offering, the Company issued warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of common stock (the “Representative’s Warrant”). The Representative’s Warrant is exercisable at a per share exercise price equal to $5.00 and became exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, on October 14, 2024. The Representative’s Warrant expire on April 17, 2029.

Upon closing of the Offering, the January Notes converted into 2,104,562 shares of common stock based upon a conversion price of $2.42 per share.

On July 23, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "July Purchase Agreement") with a certain accredited and institutional investor for a private placement offering of pre-funded warrants (the "July Pre-Funded Warrants") to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants exercisable for common stock (the "July Investor Warrants"). Pursuant to the July Purchase Agreement, the Company sold 2,500,000 July Pre-Funded Warrants with each July Pre-Funded Warrant exercisable for one share of common stock, together with July Investor Warrants to purchase up to 2,500,000 shares of common stock. Each July Prefunded Warrant and accompanying July Investor Warrant

were sold together at a combined offering price of $5.9999. The Company received net proceeds of $13.7 million pursuant to the July Purchase Agreement.

On August 27, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "August Purchase Agreement") with a certain accredited and institutional investor for a private placement offering of pre-funded warrants (the "August Pre-Funded Warrants") to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants exercisable for shares of Common Stock (the "August Investor Warrants"). Pursuant to the August Purchase Agreement, the company sold 555,555 August Prefunded Warrants exercisable for one share of common stock, together with the August Investor Warrants to purchase up to 555,555 shares. Each August Prefunded Warrant and accompanying August Investor Warrants were sold together at a combined offering price of $8.9999. The July Investor Warrants were exercised in full for 2,500,000 shares of common stock. In consideration for the immediate exercise in full of the existing warrants, the exercise holder received new warrants (the "August Exchange Warrants") to purchase 2,200,000 shares of common stock with and exercise price of $10.00 per share. The August Exchange Warrants became exercisable immediately upon issuance and will expire five and a half years from the date of issuance. The Company received net proceeds of $18.6 million pursuant to the August Purchase Agreement.

Immediately following the Merger, the Company issued 2,782,378 shares of common stock pursuant to a private placement offering for gross proceeds of $11,129,512, or at a purchase price of $4.00 per share. On August 31, 2023, the Company issued an additional 257,762 shares of common stock pursuant to the private placement offering for gross proceeds of $1,031,048, or $4.00 per share.

Upon consummation of the Merger, Patricia’s predecessor shares converted into 1,500,000 shares of common stock of the newly merged entity.

Upon consummation of the Merger, all outstanding SAFEs were converted into 4,372,601 shares of common stock.

Upon consummation of the Merger, the outstanding convertible note was converted into 937,961 shares of common stock (see Note 5).

Upon consummation of the Merger, all shares of Serve Preferred Stock were converted into 7,978,616 shares of common stock.

On October 26, 2023, the Company completed a subsequent closing of the Private Placement and issued 143,531 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $547,123, or $4.00 per share. The Company received $529,127 in net proceeds.

Restricted Common Stock and Restricted Stock Units

During 2023, the Company issued 338,121 shares of restricted common stock for recourse notes totaling $164,116. The shares were issued with a corresponding note receivable, a recourse loan that was collateralized by the underlying shares. The Company planned to enforce the recourse terms for the holders. As such, in accordance with ASC 505-10-45-2, the Company recognized a subscription receivable of $165,719, inclusive of interest on the note, which was included as a contra-equity on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company recorded a corresponding restricted stock award liability of $162,747 for the potential settlement if the call right for the shares of restricted common stock is exercised and unvested shares repurchased. The Company reduced the liability and increased additional paid-in capital for the value of the note associated with vested shares no longer subject to the call right. In June 2024, the Company forgave one recourse loan, and due to the lack of enforcement, the remaining loans were deemed nonrecourse. Accordingly, the Company extinguished restricted stock award liability and the related subscription receivable related to loans previously classified as recourse loans. In accordance with ASC 718, these actions were deemed award modifications. The Company recognized $204,272 in stock based compensation related to the incremental value of the award and an additional $11,503 related to the change in classification; all of which was included in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

As of December 31, 2024, there were 108,008 shares of common stock issued, that are subject to the non-recourse notes and deemed not outstanding.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company repurchased restricted stock awards of 233,208 and 319,118 shares of common stock, respectively, for nominal value.

During 2024, the Company issued 5,759,948 of restricted stock units ("RSUs") with vesting periods ranging 1 month to 4 years.

As of December 31, 2024, 377,284 RSUs vested and 5,362,326 RSUs remained outstanding and will vest over approximately 2.94 years.

During 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded stock-based compensation pertaining to vesting of restricted common stock and RSUs of $5,505,883 and $263,893, respectively.

The following table summarizes restricted common stock and RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2024:


	Restricted Common Stock			Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023	2,877,761	$	0.22	-	$	-
Granted	-	-		5,759,948	7.28
Vested	(1,647,754)	-		(377,284)	2.28
Forfeited	(233,208)	-		(20,338)	7.51
Nonvested as of December 31, 2024	996,799	$	0.38	5,362,326	$	7.49

Warrants

The following is a summary of warrants as of December 31, 2024:


	Warrants	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	1,090,272	$	2.67
Granted	11,019,589	5.92
Exercised	(8,755,939)	5.27
Forfeited	(13,911)	3.89
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024	3,340,011	$	6.56

Exercisable as of December 31, 2024	3,340,011	$	6.56

The weighted-average remaining term of the warrants outstanding was 6.3 years as of December 31, 2024.

Magna Warrant

On February 1, 2024, Serve entered into a Master Services Agreement (the “MSA”) with Magna New Mobility USA, Inc. (“Magna”), retroactively effective as of January 15, 2024.

In connection with the strategic partnership with Magna, on February 7, 2024, the Company issued to Magna a warrant (the “Magna Warrant”) to purchase up to 2,145,000 shares of its common stock (the “Magna Warrant Shares”), subject to at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The Magna Warrant was issued pursuant to a production agreement executed in connection with the MSA between the parties in April 2024 whereby Magna will assist the Company in assembly of robotic delivery vehicles.

The Magna Warrant is exercisable in two equal tranches: (i) the first tranche became exercisable on May 2024; and (ii) the second tranche became exercisable in December 2024. As of December 31, 2024, all Magna Warrants were fully vested.

The fair value of the Magna Warrant was $8,566,184, which was valued using the Black-Scholes pricing model using the range of inputs as indicated below:


Risk-free interest rate	4.09	%
Expected term (in years)	10.0
Expected volatility	75.0	%
Expected dividend yield	—	%

The Company recognized 8,566,184 in stock-based compensation expense pertaining to these warrants as of December 31, 2024, based on the vesting conditions noted above and the Company’s estimations of when the services will be completed. The Company recorded the expense to research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Equity Distribution Agreement

On November 7, 2024, the Company entered into a equity distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with Northland Securities, Inc., B. Riley Securities, Inc. and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time in its sole discretion, shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), with aggregate gross sales proceeds of up to $100,000,000 through an “at the market” equity offering program. Under the Distribution Agreement, the Company will set the parameters for the sale of shares. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement, the Agents may sell the shares by methods deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Distribution Agreement provides that the Company will pay the Agents a commission of up to 3% of the gross proceeds of any shares of Common Stock sold through the Agents under the Distribution Agreement.

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold a total of 5,698,992 shares of our common stock under the Equity Distribution Agreement, at a weighted-average price of $14.04 per share, respectively, and raised $80.0 million of gross proceeds. After deducting approximately $2.4 million of commissions and offering costs incurred by the Company, the net proceeds from sales of common stock was $77.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $20.0 million of remaining capacity to sell the Company's common stock under the Equity Distribution Agreement. On March 5, 2025 the Company terminated the Equity Distribution Agreement.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (i)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-14

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-14

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 16
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-16

Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-18

Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-18

Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 18
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-18

+ Details

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, net

The following is a summary of property and equipment:


	December 31,
	2024		2023
Office equipment	$	332,310	$	250,661
Robot assets	4,609,886		2,092,293
Construction in progress	7,826,476		-
Tooling	1,799,033		-
Total	14,567,705		2,342,954
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(2,604,244)		(2,294,532)
Property and equipment, net	$	11,963,461	$	48,422

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit, Activity

The following table summarizes restricted common stock and RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2024:


	Restricted Common Stock			Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023	2,877,761	$	0.22	-	$	-
Granted	-	-		5,759,948	7.28
Vested	(1,647,754)	-		(377,284)	2.28
Forfeited	(233,208)	-		(20,338)	7.51
Nonvested as of December 31, 2024	996,799	$	0.38	5,362,326	$	7.49

Schedule of Warrants

The following is a summary of warrants as of December 31, 2024:


	Warrants	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	1,090,272	$	2.67
Granted	11,019,589	5.92
Exercised	(8,755,939)	5.27
Forfeited	(13,911)	3.89
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024	3,340,011	$	6.56

Exercisable as of December 31, 2024	3,340,011	$	6.56

Schedule of Stock Options were Valued Using the Range of Inputs

The fair value of the Magna Warrant was $8,566,184, which was valued using the Black-Scholes pricing model using the range of inputs as indicated below:


Risk-free interest rate	4.09	%
Expected term (in years)	10.0
Expected volatility	75.0	%
Expected dividend yield	—	%

The stock options were valued using the Black-Scholes pricing model using the range of inputs as indicated below:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Risk-free interest rate	3.82% - 4.50%		3.58% - 3.91%
Expected term (in years)	5.00-6.27		5.52-6.27
Expected volatility	75.0	%	75.0	%
Expected dividend yield	0	%	0	%

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Schedule of Warrants (Details) - Warrant	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Warrants
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	1,090,272
Granted (in shares) \| shares	11,019,589
Exercised (in shares) \| shares	(8,755,939)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(13,911)
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	3,340,011
Exercisable (in shares) \| shares	3,340,011
Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 2.67
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	5.92
Exercised (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	5.27
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	3.89
Outstanding, ending balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	6.56
Exercisable (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 6.56

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Schedule of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit, Activity (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Restricted Common Stock
Number of Shares
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	2,877,761
Granted (in shares) \| shares	0
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(1,647,754)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(233,208)
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	996,799
Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.22
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	0
Outstanding, ending balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.38
Restricted Stock Units
Number of Shares
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	0
Granted (in shares) \| shares	5,759,948
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(377,284)
Forfeited (in shares) \| shares	(20,338)
Outstanding, beginning balance (in shares) \| shares	5,362,326
Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	7.28
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	2.28
Forfeited (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	7.51
Outstanding, ending balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 7.49

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2024
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	dbbmckennon
Auditor Location	Newport Beach, California
Auditor Firm ID	3501

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under The Company's Non-Cancelable Purchase Commitments (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2025	$ 3,310,484
2026	146,631
2027	87,472
Total future minimum payments	$ 3,544,587

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Information Related to Stock Options

A summary of information related to stock options for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	861,309	$	0.49	$	-
Granted	765,477	$	0.75
Exercised	-	-
Forfeited	(111,400)	$	0.60
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	1,515,386	$	0.61	$	5,111,928
Granted	110,374	$	4.05
Exercised	(511,787)	0.71		$	6,543,993
Forfeited	(91,682)	$	0.77
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024	1,022,291	$	0.94	$	12,842,790

Exercisable as of December 31, 2024	554,200	$	0.95	$	6,956,792
Exercisable and expected to vest at December 31, 2024	1,022,291	$	0.94	$	12,842,790

Schedule of Stock Options were Valued Using the Range of Inputs

The fair value of the Magna Warrant was $8,566,184, which was valued using the Black-Scholes pricing model using the range of inputs as indicated below:


Risk-free interest rate	4.09	%
Expected term (in years)	10.0
Expected volatility	75.0	%
Expected dividend yield	—	%

The stock options were valued using the Black-Scholes pricing model using the range of inputs as indicated below:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Risk-free interest rate	3.82% - 4.50%		3.58% - 3.91%
Expected term (in years)	5.00-6.27		5.52-6.27
Expected volatility	75.0	%	75.0	%
Expected dividend yield	0	%	0	%

Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense for stock options and restricted common stock (Note 6) was classified in the statements of operations as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
General and administrative	$	2,833,862	$	59,002
Operations	146,152		49,139
Research and development	11,491,617		416,838
Sales and marketing	83,295		19,396
	$	14,554,926	$	544,375

INCOME TAXES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

. INCOME TAXES

Deferred taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. The differences relate primarily to net operating loss carryforwards and temporary differences from capitalized research and development costs under tax purposes. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance of $21,403,134 and $14,412,164, respectively. The following table presents the deferred tax assets and liabilities by source:


	December 31,
	2024		2023
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	15,003,632	$	11,896,550
Capitalized research and development costs	5,988,286		2,516,557
Other temporary differences	411,216		(943)
Valuation allowance	(21,403,134)		(14,412,164)
Net deferred tax assets	$	-	$	-

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that it believes that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. The Company assessed the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets and determined a full valuation allowance is required due to taxable losses for the periods ended 2024 and 2023, cumulative losses through December 31, 2024, and no history of generating taxable income. Therefore, valuation allowances of $21,403,134 and $14,412,164 were recorded as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Valuation allowance increased by $6,990,970 and $5,385,725 during the periods ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Deferred tax assets were calculated using the Company’s combined effective tax rate, which it estimated to be 28.0%. The effective rate is reduced to 0% due to the full valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets.

The Company’s ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards will depend on its ability to generate adequate future taxable income. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future taxable income in the amount of $53,535,239 and $42,321,416, respectively, and net operating loss carryforwards do not expire under current tax regulations.

The Company has evaluated its income tax positions and has determined that it does not have any uncertain tax positions. The Company will recognize interest and penalties related to any uncertain tax positions through its income tax expense.

The Company may in the future become subject to federal, state and local income taxation though it has not been since its inception, other than minimum state tax. The Company is not presently subject to any income tax audit in any taxing jurisdiction, though its 2021-2024 tax years remain open to examination.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income tax.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 231
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12C
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12C

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12B
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12B

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477891/740-270-50-1

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 6.I.5.Q1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/740/tableOfContent

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2

+ Details

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

The following is a summary of property and equipment:


	December 31,
	2024		2023
Office equipment	$	332,310	$	250,661
Robot assets	4,609,886		2,092,293
Construction in progress	7,826,476		-
Tooling	1,799,033		-
Total	14,567,705		2,342,954
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(2,604,244)		(2,294,532)
Property and equipment, net	$	11,963,461	$	48,422

Depreciation expense was $309,712 and $1,863,924 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company fully impaired the carrying amount of the former fleet of robot assets pursuant to its annual impairment assessment. The Company recorded an impairment expense of $1,468,995.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)	12 Months Ended
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Company’s fiscal year is December 31.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Serve Operating Co. and Serve Robotics Canada Inc. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, impairment of long-lived assets and stock-based compensation. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and other market-specific or other relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates when there are changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Concentrations of Credit Risk	Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. The Company generally maintains balances in various operating accounts at financial institutions that management believes to be credit worthy, in amounts that may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to its cash and cash equivalents and does not believe that it is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements Certain assets and liabilities of the Company are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable: •Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. •Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. •Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques. The carrying values of the Company’s accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities.
Accounts Receivable	Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are derived from services delivered to customers and are stated at their net realizable value. Each month, the Company reviews its receivables on a customer-by-customer basis and evaluates whether an allowance for doubtful accounts is necessary based on any known or perceived collection issues. Any balances that are eventually deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.
Inventory	Inventory Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market value and accounted for using the specific identification cost method. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, inventory primarily consists of robotic component parts from the Company’s suppliers. Management reviews its inventory for obsolescence and impairment annually and did not record a reserve for obsolete inventory for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which is three (3) to five (5) years for office equipment and two (2) to four (4) years for the Company’s robot assets. Estimated useful lives are periodically assessed to determine if changes are appropriate. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost of these assets and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are eliminated from the balance sheets and any resulting gains or losses are included in the statement of operations in the period of disposal.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company accounts for long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360-10-35, Property, Plant and Equipment, Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets. The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances are present, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less costs to sell.
Deferred Offering Costs	Deferred Offering Costs The Company complies with the requirements of ASC 340-10-S99-1 with regards to offering costs. Prior to the completion of an offering, offering costs are capitalized. The deferred offering costs are charged to additional paid-in capital or as a discount to debt, as applicable, upon the completion of an offering or to expense if the offering is not completed.
Convertible Instruments	Convertible Instruments GAAP requires companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free-standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The criteria include circumstances in which (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not re-measured at fair value under otherwise applicable generally accepted accounting principles with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument. An exception to this rule is when the host instrument is deemed to be conventional as that term is described under applicable GAAP.
Subscription Receivable	Subscription Receivable The Company records stock issuances at the effective date. If the subscription is not funded upon issuance, the Company records a subscription receivable as an asset on a balance sheet, except when subscription receivable is not received prior to the issuance of financial statements at a reporting date in satisfaction of the requirements under ASC 505-10-45-2, in which case, the subscription is reclassified as a contra account to stockholders’ equity (deficit) on the consolidated balance sheet.
Accounting for Preferred Stock	Accounting for Preferred Stock ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, includes standards for how an issuer of equity (including equity shares issued by consolidated entities) classifies and measures on its consolidated balance sheet certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity. Management is required to determine the presentation for the preferred stock as a result of the redemption and conversion provisions, among other provisions in the agreement. Specifically, management is required to determine whether the embedded conversion feature in the preferred stock is clearly and closely related to the host instrument, and whether the bifurcation of the conversion feature is required and whether the conversion feature should be accounted for as a derivative instrument. If the host instrument and conversion feature are determined to be clearly and closely related (both more akin to equity), derivative liability accounting under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, is not required. Management determined that the host contract of the preferred stock is more akin to equity, and accordingly, liability accounting is not required by the Company. The Company has presented preferred stock within stockholders’ equity. Costs incurred directly for the issuance of the preferred stock are recorded as a reduction of gross proceeds received by the Company, resulting in a discount to the preferred stock. The discount is not amortized.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). The Company measures all stock-based awards granted to employees, directors and non-employee consultants based on the fair value on the date of the grant and recognizes compensation expense for those awards over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. For awards with service-based vesting conditions, the Company records the expense for using the straight-line method. For awards with performance-based vesting conditions, the Company records the expense if and when the Company concludes that it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company classifies stock-based compensation expense in its statement of operations in the same manner in which the award recipient’s payroll costs are classified or in which the award recipient’s service payments are classified. The fair value of each stock option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company historically has been a private company and lacks company-specific historical and implied volatility information for its stock. Therefore, it estimates its expected stock price volatility based on the historical volatility of publicly traded peer companies and expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded stock price. The expected term of the Company’s stock options has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method for awards that qualify as “plain-vanilla” options. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. Expected dividend yield is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends on common stock and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Forfeitures are recognized as incurred. Determining the appropriate fair value of stock-based awards requires the input of subjective assumptions. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change and management uses different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense could be materially different for future awards.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The Company accounts for revenue under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: •Identification of a contract with a customer; •Identification of the performance obligations in the contract; •Determination of the transaction price; •Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and •Recognition of revenue when or as the performance obligations are satisfied. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. As a practical expedient, the Company does not adjust the transaction price for the effects of a significant financing component if, at contract inception, the period between customer payment and the transfer of goods or services is expected to be one year or less. The Company recognizes revenue on its software services over time. The Company utilizes labor hours as a measure of progress to estimate the percentage of completion of the performance obligation at each reporting period. Service fees that have been invoiced or paid but performance obligations have not been met are recorded as deferred revenue. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $20,097 in deferred revenue pertaining to software services. For delivery services, the Company satisfies its performance obligation when the delivery is complete, which is the point in time control of the delivered product transfers to the customer. The Company recognizes branding fees over time as performance obligations are completed over the term of the agreement.
Cost of Revenue	Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue consists primarily of allocations of depreciation on robot assets used for revenue-producing activities, personnel time related to revenue-producing activities, and costs related to data, software and similar costs that allow the robots to function as intended and for the Company to communicate with the robots while in service.
Sales and Marketing	Sales and Marketing Sales and marketing expenses include personnel costs. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in sales and marketing expenses.
Operations	Operations Operations expenses primarily consist of costs for field operations personnel and the lease expense associated with the facilities to operate our robot fleets.
General and Administrative Expenses	General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel-related expenses for executive management and administrative functions, including finance and accounting, legal, and human resources, as well as general corporate expenses and general insurance. General and administrative expenses also include depreciation on property and equipment as well as allocated facility costs. These costs are expensed as incurred.
Research and Development Costs	Research and Development Costs Costs incurred in the research and development of the Company’s products are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs include product design, hardware and software costs.
Leases	Leases The Company accounts for leases under ASC 842 – Leases. The company does not apply the recognition requirements for leases with a term of twelve months or less. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease, or includes an embedded lease, at inception for each contract or agreement. A contract is or contains an embedded lease if the contract meets all of the below criteria: (i)there is an identified asset (ii)the Company obtains substantially all of the economic benefits of the asset (iii)the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset The Company’s operating lease agreements include office and warehouse space, and cargo vans. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make payments arising from the lease or embedded lease. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. As most leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate that is based on the estimated rate of interest for a collateralized borrowing of a similar asset, using a similar term as the lease payments at the commencement date. Indirect capital costs are capitalized and included in the ROU assets at commencement. The operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities include any lease payments made, including any variable amounts that are based on an index or rate, and exclude lease incentives. Variability that is not due to an index or rate, such as payments made based on hourly rates, are excluded from the lease liability. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. Renewal option periods are included within the lease term and the associated payments are recognized in the measurement of the operating ROU asset and operating lease liability when they are at our discretion and considered reasonably certain of being exercised. Over the lease term, the Company uses the effective interest rate method to account for the lease liability as lease payments are made and the ROU asset is amortized in a manner that results in straight-line expense recognition.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes as set forth in ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under the liability method, deferred taxes are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect during the years in which the basis differences reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is unlikely that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon our evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. In accordance with ASC 740-10, for those tax positions where there is a greater than 50% likelihood that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company’s policy will be to record the largest amount of tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where there is less than 50% likelihood that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit will be recognized in the financial statements.
Net Loss per Share	Net Loss per Share Net earnings or loss per share is computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding shares subject to redemption or forfeiture. The Company presents basic and diluted net earnings or loss per share. Diluted net earnings or loss per share reflect the actual weighted average of common shares issued and outstanding during the period, adjusted for potentially dilutive securities outstanding. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of the diluted net loss per share if their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. As all potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for each year.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements, Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted and New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted	Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), in the form of Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”), to the FASB’s ASC. The Company will adopt these changes according to the various timetables the FASB specifies. There were no recently adopted accounting standards which had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis, primarily disclosure of significant segment expense categories and amounts for each reportable segment. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 in the annual financial statements for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, and for interim periods beginning in 2025. The Company believes the amendments of ASU 2023-07 will not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and will include all required disclosures upon adoption. New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires greater disaggregation of income tax disclosures related to the income tax reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. The Company believes the amendments of ASU 2023-09 will not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and will include all required disclosures upon adoption.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Items Outstanding (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares (in shares)	9,832,636	2,929,677
Common stock warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares (in shares)	3,340,011	1,090,272
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares (in shares)	1,022,291	1,515,386
Unvested restricted stock awards subject to recourse and nonrecourse loans
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares (in shares)	108,008	324,019
Unvested restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares (in shares)	5,362,326	0

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Schedule of Lease Costs (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total lease costs	$ 1,016,861	$ 933,661
General and administrative
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total lease costs	55,978	49,810
Operations
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total lease costs	719,253	665,961
Research and development
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total lease costs	$ 241,630	$ 217,890

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 123,266,437	$ 6,756
Net Loss		39,191,052	24,813,736
Net cash used in operating activities		21,542,229	15,970,878
Impairment		0	1,468,995
Deferred offering costs		0	0
Advertising expense		$ 390,000	$ 180,000
Shares converted (in shares)	4,372,601
Aggregate shares of common stock (in shares)	7,978,616
Office equipment \| Minimum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		3 years
Office equipment \| Maximum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		5 years
Robot assets \| Minimum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		2 years
Robot assets \| Maximum
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Estimated useful life		4 years
Customer Concentration Risk \| Magna And Uber \| Revenue Benchmark
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration percentage		91.00%	71.00%

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Company’s fiscal year is December 31.

Principles of Consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Serve Operating Co. and Serve Robotics Canada Inc. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation.

Liquidity and Going Concern

Total unrestricted cash and cash equivalents on hand as of December 31, 2024 was $123.27 million. Although the Company has incurred recurring losses each year since its inception, the Company expects it will be able to fund its operations for at least the next twelve months. We believe we will meet longer term expected future cash requirements and obligations through a combination of cash flows from operating activities and available cash balances. However, our projections of future cash needs and cash flows may differ from historical results. If current cash on hand, cash equivalents, and cash that may be generated from our business operations are insufficient to continue to operate our business, or if we elect to invest in or acquire a company or companies or new technology or technologies that are synergistic with or complementary to our technologies, we may be required to obtain more working capital. We may seek to obtain working capital during our fiscal year 2025 or thereafter through sales of our equity securities or through bank credit facilities or public or private debt from various financial institutions where possible, though the availability of such funding, and applicable terms, will be dependent on prevailing market conditions.

If we do identify sources for additional funding, the sale of additional equity securities or convertible debt will result in dilution to our stockholders. We can give no assurance that we will generate sufficient cash flows in the future to satisfy our liquidity requirements or sustain future operations, or that other sources of funding, such as sales of equity or debt, would be available or would be approved by our security holders, if needed, on favorable terms or at all. If we fail to obtain additional working capital as and when needed, such failure could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, such lack of funds may inhibit our ability to respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated capital needs, or may force us to reduce operating expenses, which would significantly harm the business and development of operations.

The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, impairment of long-lived assets and stock-based compensation. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and other market-specific or other relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates when there are changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. The Company generally maintains balances in various operating accounts at financial institutions that management believes to be credit worthy, in amounts that may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to its cash and cash equivalents and does not believe that it is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships.

Concentrations

A significant portion of our revenue is concentrated with two customers, Magna and Uber. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, sales to Magna and Uber accounted for 91% and 71% of our total revenue, respectively. There are inherent risks whenever a large percentage of total revenues are concentrated with a limited number of customers. The loss of one or either of these customers could have a negative impact on our planned operations.

In addition to Manga International supporting our manufacturing efforts, the Company has also entered into commercial relationships including software services and licensing arrangements, which resulted in the Company recognizing revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities of the Company are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

•Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The carrying values of the Company’s accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities.

See Note 3 for fair value measurements.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are derived from services delivered to customers and are stated at their net realizable value. Each month, the Company reviews its receivables on a customer-by-customer basis and evaluates whether an allowance for doubtful accounts is necessary based on any known or perceived collection issues. Any balances that are eventually deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company determined there was no allowance for doubtful accounts necessary.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market value and accounted for using the specific identification cost method. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, inventory primarily consists of robotic component parts from the Company’s suppliers. Management reviews its inventory for obsolescence and impairment annually and did not record a reserve for obsolete inventory for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which is three (3) to five (5) years for office equipment and two (2) to four (4) years for the Company’s robot assets. Estimated useful lives are periodically assessed to determine if changes are appropriate. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost of these assets and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are eliminated from the balance sheets and any resulting gains or losses are included in the statement of operations in the period of disposal.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company accounts for long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360-10-35, Property, Plant and Equipment, Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets. The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances are present, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less costs to sell.

At December 31, 2023, management determined that certain events and circumstances occurred that indicated that the carrying value of the Company’s original fleet of robot assets may not be recoverable. Based on the undiscounted cash flows over the remaining depreciable life, management determined an impairment of the remaining carrying value was necessary.

Deferred Offering Costs

The Company complies with the requirements of ASC 340-10-S99-1 with regards to offering costs. Prior to the completion of an offering, offering costs are capitalized. The deferred offering costs are charged to additional paid-in capital or as a

discount to debt, as applicable, upon the completion of an offering or to expense if the offering is not completed. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no deferred offering costs.

Convertible Instruments

GAAP requires companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free-standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The criteria include circumstances in which (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not re-measured at fair value under otherwise applicable generally accepted accounting principles with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument. An exception to this rule is when the host instrument is deemed to be conventional as that term is described under applicable GAAP.

Subscription Receivable

The Company records stock issuances at the effective date. If the subscription is not funded upon issuance, the Company records a subscription receivable as an asset on a balance sheet, except when subscription receivable is not received prior to the issuance of financial statements at a reporting date in satisfaction of the requirements under ASC 505-10-45-2, in which case, the subscription is reclassified as a contra account to stockholders’ equity (deficit) on the consolidated balance sheet.

Accounting for Preferred Stock

ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, includes standards for how an issuer of equity (including equity shares issued by consolidated entities) classifies and measures on its consolidated balance sheet certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity.

Management is required to determine the presentation for the preferred stock as a result of the redemption and conversion provisions, among other provisions in the agreement. Specifically, management is required to determine whether the embedded conversion feature in the preferred stock is clearly and closely related to the host instrument, and whether the bifurcation of the conversion feature is required and whether the conversion feature should be accounted for as a derivative instrument. If the host instrument and conversion feature are determined to be clearly and closely related (both more akin to equity), derivative liability accounting under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, is not required. Management determined that the host contract of the preferred stock is more akin to equity, and accordingly, liability accounting is not required by the Company. The Company has presented preferred stock within stockholders’ equity.

Costs incurred directly for the issuance of the preferred stock are recorded as a reduction of gross proceeds received by the Company, resulting in a discount to the preferred stock. The discount is not amortized.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). The Company measures all stock-based awards granted to employees, directors and non-employee consultants based on the fair value on the date of the grant and recognizes compensation expense for those awards over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. For awards with service-based vesting conditions, the Company records the expense for using the straight-line method. For awards with performance-based vesting conditions, the Company records the expense if and when the Company concludes that it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved.

The Company classifies stock-based compensation expense in its statement of operations in the same manner in which the award recipient’s payroll costs are classified or in which the award recipient’s service payments are classified.

The fair value of each stock option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company historically has been a private company and lacks company-specific historical and implied volatility information for its stock. Therefore, it estimates its expected stock price volatility based on the historical volatility of publicly traded peer companies and expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded stock price. The expected term of the Company’s stock options has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method for awards that qualify as “plain-vanilla” options. The risk-free interest rate is determined

by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. Expected dividend yield is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends on common stock and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Forfeitures are recognized as incurred. Determining the appropriate fair value of stock-based awards requires the input of subjective assumptions. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change and management uses different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense could be materially different for future awards.

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for revenue under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identification of a contract with a customer;

•Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

•Determination of the transaction price;

•Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•Recognition of revenue when or as the performance obligations are satisfied.

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. As a practical expedient, the Company does not adjust the transaction price for the effects of a significant financing component if, at contract inception, the period between customer payment and the transfer of goods or services is expected to be one year or less.

The Company recognizes revenue on its software services over time. The Company utilizes labor hours as a measure of progress to estimate the percentage of completion of the performance obligation at each reporting period. Service fees that have been invoiced or paid but performance obligations have not been met are recorded as deferred revenue. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $20,097 in deferred revenue pertaining to software services.

For delivery services, the Company satisfies its performance obligation when the delivery is complete, which is the point in time control of the delivered product transfers to the customer.

The Company recognizes branding fees over time as performance obligations are completed over the term of the agreement.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The disaggregation of revenue is as follows:


	Twelve months ended December 31,
	2024		2023
Software services	$	1,185,903	$	—
Delivery services	332,180		146,462
Branding fees	294,400		45,250
Other revenue	—		15,833
	$	1,812,483	$	207,545

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of allocations of depreciation on robot assets used for revenue-producing activities, personnel time related to revenue-producing activities, and costs related to data, software and similar costs that allow the robots to function as intended and for the Company to communicate with the robots while in service.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses include personnel costs. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in sales and marketing expenses. Advertising expense were approximately $0.39 million and $0.18 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Operations

Operations expenses primarily consist of costs for field operations personnel and the lease expense associated with the facilities to operate our robot fleets.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel-related expenses for executive management and administrative functions, including finance and accounting, legal, and human resources, as well as general corporate expenses and general insurance. General and administrative expenses also include depreciation on property and equipment as well as allocated facility costs. These costs are expensed as incurred.

Research and Development Costs

Costs incurred in the research and development of the Company’s products are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs include product design, hardware and software costs.

Leases

The Company accounts for leases under ASC 842 – Leases. The company does not apply the recognition requirements for leases with a term of twelve months or less.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease, or includes an embedded lease, at inception for each contract or agreement. A contract is or contains an embedded lease if the contract meets all of the below criteria:

(i)there is an identified asset

(ii)the Company obtains substantially all of the economic benefits of the asset

(iii)the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset

The Company’s operating lease agreements include office and warehouse space, and cargo vans. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make payments arising from the lease or embedded lease. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. As most leases

do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate that is based on the estimated rate of interest for a collateralized borrowing of a similar asset, using a similar term as the lease payments at the commencement date. Indirect capital costs are capitalized and included in the ROU assets at commencement.

The operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities include any lease payments made, including any variable amounts that are based on an index or rate, and exclude lease incentives. Variability that is not due to an index or rate, such as payments made based on hourly rates, are excluded from the lease liability. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease.

Renewal option periods are included within the lease term and the associated payments are recognized in the measurement of the operating ROU asset and operating lease liability when they are at our discretion and considered reasonably certain of being exercised. Over the lease term, the Company uses the effective interest rate method to account for the lease liability as lease payments are made and the ROU asset is amortized in a manner that results in straight-line expense recognition.

Income Taxes

The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes as set forth in ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under the liability method, deferred taxes are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect during the years in which the basis differences reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is unlikely that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon our evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. In accordance with ASC 740-10, for those tax positions where there is a greater than 50% likelihood that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company’s policy will be to record the largest amount of tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where there is less than 50% likelihood that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit will be recognized in the financial statements.

Net Loss per Share

Net earnings or loss per share is computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding shares subject to redemption or forfeiture. The Company presents basic and diluted net earnings or loss per share. Diluted net earnings or loss per share reflect the actual weighted average of common shares issued and outstanding during the period, adjusted for potentially dilutive securities outstanding. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of the diluted net loss per share if their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. As all potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for each year. Potentially dilutive items outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:


	December 31,
	2024	2023
Common stock warrants	3,340,011	1,090,272
Stock options	1,022,291	1,515,386
Unvested restricted stock awards subject to recourse and nonrecourse loans	108,008	324,019
Unvested restricted stock units	5,362,326	-
Total potentially dilutive shares	9,832,636	2,929,677

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), in the form of Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”), to the FASB’s ASC. The Company will adopt these changes according to the

various timetables the FASB specifies. There were no recently adopted accounting standards which had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis, primarily disclosure of significant segment expense categories and amounts for each reportable segment. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 in the annual financial statements for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, and for interim periods beginning in 2025. The Company believes the amendments of ASU 2023-07 will not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and will include all required disclosures upon adoption.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires greater disaggregation of income tax disclosures related to the income tax reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. The Company believes the amendments of ASU 2023-09 will not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and will include all required disclosures upon adoption.

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	300,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	51,396,574	24,832,814
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	51,288,566	24,508,795

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Narrative (Details)							1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Narrative (Details)	Nov. 07, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares	Aug. 27, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jul. 23, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Oct. 26, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Aug. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jul. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) loan	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jan. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Apr. 17, 2024 $ / shares shares	Feb. 07, 2024 tranche $ / shares shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Voting rights (in votes) \| vote											1
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)											10,000,000	10,000,000
Common stock, authorized (in shares)											300,000,000	300,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001										$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares											$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Shares issued in offering (in shares)								10,000,000
Gross proceeds from stock offering \| $								$ 40,000,000
Stock offering (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares								$ 4.00
Stock issuance costs incurred \| $								$ 4,150,864			$ 4,150,864	$ 2,289,697
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares								$ 2.42
Proceeds from issuance of prefunded warrants to purchase common stock in connection with private placement, net of issuance costs \| $											$ 17,115,963	$ 0
Common stock, issued (in shares)											51,396,574	24,832,814
Private placement offering for gross proceeds (in dollars per share) \| $											$ 0	$ 10,444,987
Shares issued in conversion (in shares)						4,372,601
Conversion of stock (in shares)						937,961
Aggregate shares of common stock (in shares)						7,978,616
Issuance of common stock pursuant to private placement offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)				143,531
Common stock gross proceeds (in dollars per share) \| $				$ 547,123
Common stock price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 4.00
Net proceeds cost \| $				$ 529,127
Restricted common stock issued (in shares)												338,121
Recourse notes \| $												$ 164,116
Subscriptions receivable \| $											0	169,616
Stock based compensation expense \| $											$ 14,554,926	$ 544,375
Stock repurchased (in shares)											233,208	319,118
Vesting of restricted common stock (in dollars per share) \| $											$ 5,505,883	$ 263,893
Purchase of shares (in shares)													10,000,000
Maximum gross proceeds from stock offering program \| $	$ 100,000,000
Fixed commission rate	0.03
Private Placement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					$ 4.00	$ 4.00
Common stock, issued (in shares)					257,762	2,782,378
Private placement offering for gross proceeds (in dollars per share) \| $					$ 1,031,048	$ 11,129,512
Equity Distribution Agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares issued in offering (in shares)											5,698,992
Gross proceeds from stock offering \| $											$ 77,600,000
Stock offering (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares											$ 14.04
Private placement offering for gross proceeds (in dollars per share) \| $											$ 80,000,000.0
Gross proceeds raised \| $											2,400,000
Remaining capacity available for issuance \| $											$ 20,000,000.0
Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares													$ 0.0001
Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants (in shares)											5,264,799
Issuance of common stock pursuant to private placement offering, net of offering costs (in Shares)												143,531
Stock repurchased (in shares)											233,208	319,118
Common Stock \| Patricia
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares issued in conversion (in shares)						1,500,000
Common Stock \| SAFE
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares issued in conversion (in shares)						4,372,601
Additional Paid-in Capital
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Stock issuance costs incurred \| $											$ 4,150,864	$ 2,289,697
Preferred Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)											10,000,000
Warrant
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares unvested (in shares)											3,340,011	1,090,272
Granted (in shares)											11,019,589
Weighted average remaining term											6 years 3 months 18 days
Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares unvested (in shares)											108,008
Unvested restricted stock awards subject to recourse and nonrecourse loans
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of loans forgiven in recourse debt \| loan							1
Shares unvested (in shares)											996,799	2,877,761
Granted (in shares)											0
Vested (in shares)											1,647,754
Restricted Stock Units
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares unvested (in shares)											5,362,326	0
Granted (in shares)											5,759,948
Vesting period											2 years 11 months 8 days
Vested (in shares)											377,284
Restricted Stock Units \| Minimum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Vesting period											1 year
Restricted Stock Units \| Maximum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Vesting period											4 years
Unvested restricted stock awards subject to recourse and nonrecourse loans
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Subscriptions receivable \| $												$ 165,719
Restricted stock award liability \| $												$ 162,747
Stock based compensation expense \| $							$ 204,272
Stock-based compensation expense, change in classification \| $							$ 11,503
Common Stock
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Common stock, authorized (in shares)											300,000,000
Convertible Notes Payable
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares issued in conversion (in shares)								2,104,562
Conversion price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares								$ 2.42		$ 3.20
Shares issued in conversion (in shares)										937,961
Net proceeds cost \| $									$ 4,844,625	$ 2,798,410
Representative’s Warrant
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Securities called by warrants (in shares)								500,000
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares								$ 5.00
Magna Warrant
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares														$ 0.01
Stock based compensation expense \| $											$ 8,566,184
Purchase of shares (in shares)														2,145,000
Warrant tranches (in tranches) \| tranche														2
July Pre-Funded Warrants And Investor Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Offering price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 5.9999
Proceeds from issuance of prefunded warrants to purchase common stock in connection with private placement, net of issuance costs \| $			$ 13,700,000
July Pre-Funded Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Securities called by warrants (in shares)			2,500,000
Securities called by each warrant (in shares)			1
July Investor Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Securities called by warrants (in shares)			2,500,000
Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants (in shares)		2,500,000
August Pre-Funded Warrants, Investor Warrants And Exchange Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of prefunded warrants to purchase common stock in connection with private placement, net of issuance costs \| $		$ 18,600,000
August Pre-Funded Warrants And Investor Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Offering price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 8.9999
August Pre-Funded Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Securities called by warrants (in shares)		555,555
Securities called by each warrant (in shares)		1
August Investor Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Securities called by warrants (in shares)		555,555
August Exchange Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Securities called by warrants (in shares)		2,200,000
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 10.00
Warrant expiration period		5 years 6 months

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation	$ 309,712	$ 1,863,924
Impairment expense	$ 0	$ 1,468,995

INCOME TAXES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
INCOME TAXES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]
Deferred net tax assets valuation allowance	$ 21,403,134	$ 14,412,164
Valuation allowance increased	$ 6,990,970	5,385,725
Estimated rate	28.00%
Operating loss carryforwards net	$ 53,535,239	42,321,416
Valuation Allowance Tax Credit Carryforward
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance		$ 14,412,164
Effective tax rate percentage	0.00%

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS - Schedule of Changes in Level 3 Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Outstanding at beginning	$ 0	$ 13,150,745
Issuance of simple agreements for future equity		2,666,953
Issuance of embedded derivative liability	1,489,000	601,000
Change in fair value	$ 221,560	$ 1,821,706
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants, Change in fair value of derivative liability	Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants, Change in fair value of derivative liability
Conversion to common stock upon Merger	$ (1,710,560)	$ (18,240,404)
Outstanding at ending	0	0
Simple Agreement For Future Equity
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Outstanding at beginning	0	13,150,745
Issuance of simple agreements for future equity		2,666,953
Issuance of embedded derivative liability	0	0
Change in fair value	0	1,672,706
Conversion to common stock upon Merger	0	(17,490,404)
Outstanding at ending	0	0
Embedded Derivative Liability
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Outstanding at beginning	0	0
Issuance of simple agreements for future equity		0
Issuance of embedded derivative liability	1,489,000	601,000
Change in fair value	221,560	149,000
Conversion to common stock upon Merger	(1,710,560)	(750,000)
Outstanding at ending	$ 0	$ 0

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	$ 14,567,705	$ 2,342,954
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(2,604,244)	(2,294,532)
Property and equipment, net	11,963,461	48,422
Office equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	332,310	250,661
Robot assets
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	4,609,886	2,092,293
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	7,826,476	0
Tooling
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	$ 1,799,033	$ 0

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES- Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating cash flows paid for operating leases	$ 593,184	$ 550,470
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$ 1,577,867	$ 0